Sains Malaysiana 55(2)(2026): 181-190

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5502-01

 

Daya Gabungan Umum Induk Jantan Pisifera Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Berdasarkan Prestasi Progeni dura × pisifera

(General Aggregation Power of Pisifera Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Male Parent Based on Performance of dura × pisifera Progeny)

 

FADILA AHMAD MALIKE^1,*, NORAZIYAH ABD AZIZ SHAMSUDIN², MARHALIL MARJUNI¹ & ZULKIFLI YAAKUB¹

 

¹Pusat Kemajuan Bioteknologi dan Biakbaka, Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

²Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Received: 24 September 2023/Accepted: 22 January 2026

 

Abstrak

Daya gabungan umum (GCA) merupakan alat penting dalam pembiakbakaan tumbuhan dan ia digunakan untuk memilih induk jantan pisifera kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) bagi pengeluaran biji benih dura × pisifera (D×P) komersial. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk memilih induk jantan pisifera terbaik sebagai sumber debunga baharu berdasarkan 38 progeni D×P yang ditanam di Stesen Penyelidikan MPOB Hulu Paka, Terengganu, Malaysia. Rekod hasil tandan (tahun 2014-2017), komponen kualiti tandan (tahun 2011-2018), dan pengukuran vegetatif (tahun 2015) dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA), diikuti dengan perbandingan antara min induk jantan pisifera dan GCA. Analisis varians (ANOVA) menunjukkan perbezaan yang sangat bererti untuk kebanyakan ciri, menandakan kebolehubahan genetik yang luas dalam kalangan induk jantan pisifera. Berdasarkan perbandingan antara induk jantan pisifera, dua pisifera MPOB-Nigeria, iaitu P6 (0.337/552) dan P4 (0.337/147), mencatatkan hasil berat tandan segar (FFB>200 kg setiap pokok setahun), hasil minyak (OY>60 kg setiap pokok setahun) dan jumlah produk ekonomi (TEP>64 kg setiap pokok setahun) tertinggi. Kedua-dua induk jantan pisifera ini juga dikenal pasti mempunyai GCA yang baik untuk ciri tersebut dengan penggunaan pokok P6 dan P4 berpotensi meningkatkan FFB sekurang-kurangnya 12 kg setiap pokok setahun, OY sekurang-kurangnya 8 kg setiap pokok setahun dan TEP sekurang-kurangnya 7 kg setiap pokok setahun. Oleh itu, P6 dan P4 boleh dipilih sebagai sumber debunga baharu untuk pengeluaran bahan tanaman D×P komersial, yang berpotensi meningkatkan hasil minyak sawit negara.

Kata kunci: Daya gabungan umum; germplasma; hasil minyak; induk jantan pisifera; sumber debunga

 

Abstract

General combining ability (GCA) is an important tool in plant breeding, where it is used to select pisifera male parents in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for commercial dura × pisifera (D×P) seed production. This study was conducted to select the best pisifera male parents as new pollen sources based on their 38 D×P progenies planted at the MPOB Research Station Hulu Paka, Terengganu, Malaysia. Bunch yield recording (year 2014-2017), bunch quality components (year 2011-2018), and vegetative measurements (year 2015) were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by comparisons between pisifera male parent means and GCA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant differences for most of the traits, indicating wide genetic variability among the pisifera male parents. Based on the pisifera male parent means comparison, two MPOB-Nigeria pisiferas, namely P6 (palm 0.337/552) and P4 (palm 0.337/147), recorded the highest fresh fruit bunch yield (FFB>200 kg per palm per year), oil yield (OY>60 kg per palm per year), and total economic product (TEP>64 kg per palm per year). Both pisifera male parents were also identified as having good GCA for these traits, where the use of P6 and P4 palms can potentially increase the FFB by at least 12 kg per palm per year, OY by at least 8 kg per palm per year, and TEP by at least 7 kg per palm per year. Therefore, P6 and P4 palms can be selected as the new pollen sources for production of commercial D×P planting materials, which can potentially increase the national oil palm yield.

Keywords: General combining ability; germplasm; oil yield; pisifera male parent; pollen source

 

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*Corresponding author; email: fadila@mpob.gov.my